MODEL OF HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN AND LUTROPIN RECEPTOR INTERACTION THAT EXPLAINS SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION OF THE GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES

被引:119
作者
MOYLE, WR
CAMPBELL, RK
RAO, SNV
AYAD, NG
BERNARD, MP
HAN, Y
WANG, YH
机构
[1] Dept. of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
关键词
D O I
10.1074/jbc.270.34.20020
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The goal of these studies was to devise a model that explains how human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) interacts with lutropin (LH) receptors to elicit a hormone signal. Here we show that alpha-subunit residues near the N terminus, the exposed surface of the cysteine knot, and portions of the first and third loops most distant from the beta-subunit interface were recognized by antibodies that bound to hCG-receptor complexes. These observations were combined with similar data obtained for the beta-subunit (Cosowsky, L., Rao, S. N. V,, Macdonald, G. J., Papkoff, H., Campbell, R K,, and Moyle, W. R. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 20011-20019), information on residues of hCG that can be changed without disrupting hormone function, the crystal structure of deglycosylated hCG, and the crystal structure of a leucine-repeat protein to devise a model of hCG-receptor interaction. This model suggests that the extracellular domain of the LH receptor is ''U-'' or ''J''-shaped and makes several contacts with the transmembrane domain. High affinity hormone binding results from interactions between residues in the curved portion of the extracellular domain of the receptor and the groove in the hormone formed by the apposition of the second cr subunit loop and the first and third P-subunit loops. Most of the remainder of the hormone is found in the large space between the arms of the extracellular domain and makes few, if any, additional specific contacts with the receptor needed for high affinity binding. Signal transduction is caused by steric or other influences of the hormone on the distance between the arms of the extracellular domain, an effect augmented by the oligosaccharides. Because the extracellular domain is coupled at multiple sites to the transmembrane domain, the change in conformation of the extracellular domain is relayed to the transmembrane domain and subsequently to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. While the model does not require the hormone to contact the transmembrane domain to initiate signal transduction, small portions of both subunits may be near the transmembrane domain and assist in initiating the hormonal signal. This is the first model that is consistent with all known information on the activity of the gonadotropins including the amounts of the hormone that are exposed in the hormone-receptor complex, the apparent lack of specific contacts between much of the hormone and the receptor, and the roles of the oligosaccharides in signal transduction. This model differs from existing models of hormone action in that the extracellular domain has a much larger role in hormone action than serving as a high affinity hormone trap.
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页码:20020 / 20031
页数:12
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