PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RAT-BRAIN TRANSGLUTAMINASE

Transglutaminase (TGase) catalyzes an acyl-transfer reaction between peptidyl glutamine residues and primary amines including the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in protein, TGase in the neuronal system has been suggested to be involved in neurotransmitter release, long-term potentiation, and so forth, In order to study the mammalian brain TGase at the molecular level, TGase was purified to apparent homogeneity from Sprague-DawIey rat brain, using DEAE ion exchange, and heparin and alpha-casein affinity column chromatographies, The brain TGase was concentrated 11,400-fold and had a specific activity of 11,000 nmol/h/mg protein. The purified protein migrated on SDS-PAGE to a position corresponding to a molecular size of approximately 75 kDa. The brain TGase activity was Ca2+-dependent (EC(50)similar to 0.28 mM), and its K-m values for putrescine and N,N-dimethylcasein were 0.26 and 0.065 mM, respectively. GTP inhibited the brain enzyme activity 100-fold more potently than ATP did, and the enzyme was photolabeled with [alpha-P-32]8-azido-GTP, suggesting that the brain TGase is a member of the GTP-binding protein family. Monoiodoacetate and cystamine potently inhibited the enzyme activity, suggesting that cysteine residue(s) are essential for brain TGase. Zn2+ inhibited the enzyme, while Mg2+ was not inhibitory, The rat brain TGase reacted only weakly with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against tissue-type TGase such as guinea pig liver TGase and human red blood cell TGase, while it did not react with antibodies against non-tissue types of TGase, namely human epidermal TGase and human coagulation factor XIIIa. The results suggest that rat brain TGrase shares major characteristics with tissue-type TGase, but is nevertheless distinct from tissue-type TGase.