The review is based on an analysis of anonymous case record material at the Medical Protection Society's London Office for the 5‐year period 1982–1986, in which death was associated with anaesthetic procedures. A total of 25 cases were analysed. The principal events which resulted in death were failed intubation, drug‐related problems and problems with equipment. The principal contributory factors were inadequate supervision, inadequate pre‐operative assessment and failure of communication. The present review suggests that supervision and training of junior staff, decision‐making by senior staff and patterns of communication both within and between specialities are areas which should be selected for further research. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved