ACCIDENTS, MILEAGE, AND THE EXAGGERATION OF RISK

被引:145
作者
JANKE, MK
机构
[1] California Department of Motor Vehicles, Sacramento
关键词
D O I
10.1016/0001-4575(91)90048-A
中图分类号
TB18 [人体工程学];
学科分类号
1201 ;
摘要
The usual interpretation of accidents per mile as a measure of risk exaggerates the apparent risk of low-mileage groups-for example, teenagers and the elderly. The assumption of a linear proportional relationship between mileage and accidents is shown not to fit obtained data. Neither would it be expected to fit hypothetical data derived from a "standard driver" or a group of equally competent drivers driving different numbers of miles. People driving low mileages tend to accumulate much of their mileage on congested city streets with two-way traffic and no restriction of access, while high-mileage drivers typically accumulate most of those miles on freeways or other divided multilane highways with limited access. Because the driving task is simpler, the accident rate per mile is much lower on freeways, and beyond a certain point, a person driving half as many miles as another would be expected to have considerably more than half as many accidents. This and other considerations lead to the suggestion that an induced exposure approach would be a more valid method of correcting accident rates for mileage. © 1991.
引用
收藏
页码:183 / 188
页数:6
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