NEURAL MARKERS IN CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) is considered to be of neuroendocrine origin. Neurone specific enolase (NSE) and PGP 9.5 [prostaglandin P 9.5] are markers of neural and neuroendocrine differentiation. S-100 protein is a marker of glial differentiation. The expression of these markers in endobronchial biopsy and lung tumor resection specimens was studied to see if any diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic implications would emerge. Zamboni fixed endobronchial tumor biopsy specimens from 20 patients were examined. Twelve of these were cases of SCC and 8 were non-SCC. Of the 12 SCC, 7 were positive for NSE, 6 for PGP 9.5 and 5 for S-100 protein. Cases which showed a positive reaction for NSE had a mean survival of 9.1 mo. compared with 3.9 mo. for those with a negative reaction, but the number of cases is too small to assign any statistical significance. There was no difference in survival times between positive and negative reactors for PGP9.5 and S-100 protein. All 8 cases of non-SCC showed positive reactions to all 3 markers. Of 32 formalin fixed lung tumor resection specimens; 6 were cases of SCC, 25 non-SCC and 1 a chemodectoma. Three of the 6 cases of SCC showed positive staining for NSE, 3 for PGP9.5 and 1 for S-100 protein. Of the 25 non-SCC, 10 were positive for NSE, 12 for PGP9.5 and 6 for S-100 protein. The 1 chemodectoma stained positively for all 3 markers. Neuroendocrine markers are of little value in differentiating SCC from non-SCC. Positive staining for NSE in SCC may be an indicator of prolonged survival but further investigation is required.