A dyadic approach to leadership: Creating and nurturing this approach under fire.

This theory development article describes how a single key question about leadership that I developed in graduate school led to a 25-year-long research program. A description of a variety of criticisms of my work shows how controversy contributed to the creation of the four developmental stages of a dyadic approach to leadership. The article concludes with a description of how a new dyadic approach, called individualized leadership, provided an answer to my initial key question.