Polyanion-polycation interactions between the free base poly(ethylene imine) and poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) were investigated in dependence on polymer concentration of the components. At very low polymer concentration between 0.003 % and 0.15 % we observed a small range of phase separation, because of predominantly non-Coulombic interactions, determined by using a method combination, consisting of potentiometry, conductometry and turbidimetry. By increasing the polymer concentration no phenomena of phase separation could be observed but a significant viscosity increase above the level of the components in dependence on the molar ratio of cationic to anionic functional groups as well as the molecular weight of the components. The results of NMR spectroscopic investigations in combination with density measurements are discussed with regard to a model of interaction at high concentrations.