A mathematical model for calculating the performance of a thermoelectric heat pump to achieve a specific heating load is presented. The effects of Joulean heating and thermal conduction are considered. An elaborate heat transfer model is employed to relate the thermal resistances between the thermoelectric system and its surroundings. A specific heating load, heating load per unit of total heat exchanger surface area, is adopted as the objective function for the thermoelectric heat pump performance analysis in this paper.