CHEMIOSMOTIC SYSTEMS IN BIOENERGETICS - H+-CYCLES AND NA+-CYCLES

被引:30
作者
SKULACHEV, VP
机构
[1] Department of Bioenergetics, A. N. Belozersky Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow
关键词
CHEMIOSMOTIC ACTION; H+ CYCLE; NA+ CYCLE; COUPLING ION;
D O I
10.1007/BF01130214
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The development of membrane bioenergetic studies during the last 25 years has clearly demonstrated the validity of the Mitchellian chemiosmotic H+ cycle concept. The circulation of H+ ions was shown to couple respiration-dependent or light-dependent energy-releasing reactions to ATP formation and performance of other types of membrane-linked work in mitochondria, chloroplasts, some bacteria, tonoplasts, secretory granules and plant and fungal outer cell membranes. A concrete version of the direct chemiosmotic mechanism, in which H+ potential formation is a simple consequence of the chemistry of the energy-releasing reaction, is already proved for the photosynthetic reaction centre complexes. Recent progress in the studies on chemiosmotic systems has made it possible to extend the coupling-ion principle to an ion other than H+. It was found that, in certain bacteria, as well as in the outer membrane of the animal cell, Na+ effectively substitutes for H+ as the coupling ion (the chemiosmotic Na+ cycle). A precedent is set when the Na+ cycle appears to be the only mechanism of energy production in the bacterial cell. In the more typical case, however, the H+ and Na+ cycles coexist in one and the same membrane (bacteria) or in two different membranes of one and the same cell (animals). The sets of DELTA-mu-H+BAR and DELTA-mu-Na+BAR generators as well as DELTA-mu-H+BAR and DELTA-mu-Na+BAR consumers found in different types of biomembranes, are listed and discussed.
引用
收藏
页码:387 / 444
页数:58
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