XPS STUDY OF THE HALOGENATION OF CARBON-BLACK .1. BROMINATION

Five carbon blacks (3 furnace blacks, a thermal black, and a highly conductive sample) were submitted to bromination using either liquid reagents (CCl4 solution of Br-2) or bromine vapors at 120 degrees C and 450 degrees C. The bromine contents of the samples were determined by elemental analysis and XPS examination. Different types of bromine bonds are detected, depending on the bromination method. Quantitative XPS analysis was performed, starting with model compounds. The distribution of bromine bonds varies with the treatment conditions, and it is found that Br-2 diffuses and reacts inside the carbon black particles.