METAL-OXIDE CATHODE MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY-STORAGE - A REVIEW

Due to their rather low molecular weight and their favorable electrochemical and solid-state properties, first row transition metal oxides seem to be specially attractive as cathode materials in electrochemical energy storage systems. Therefore, we undertook a detailed overview, covering electrochemical, conductivity, ion diffusivity, spectroscopic, and other physico-chemical data on metal oxides in relation to their behavior in batteries. Metal oxide-based primary batteries have achieved a high technological level and yield energy densities of up to 300 Wh kg-1 or 880 Wh l-1. Oxide-based secondary batteries, on the other hand, typically yield less than 100 Wh kg-1. Based on the present review, V, Cr, Mn, and Co oxides seem to be the most promising solid-state cathode materials for future high performance secondary batteries. © 1990, The Electrochemical Society, Inc. All rights reserved.