ADVANCEMENTS IN TOXICITY TESTING APPLIED TO DESIGN AND CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Toxicity testing is an essential tool for assessing the effects of, and fate of, many low-concentration toxicants in wastewater treatment systems. Toxicity testing can be divided into two parts: diagnostic toxicology evaluates the toxicity of a contaminant, effluent, or process, and toxicological engineering bases engineering design on the removal or production of toxicity. This paper presents six recent advancements in diagnostic toxicology and toxicological engineering identified by members of the Specialty Group on Hazard Assessment and Control of Environmental Contaminants. They are: (1) an ecological framework for applying toxicity testing, (2) biological early warning systems for on-line detection of toxic inputs, (3) inplant testing to detect and mitigate a toxic upset, (4) methods for rapid and cost-effective detection of genotoxins, (5) an approach for determining what discharged component must be controlled to eliminate an ecosystem disturbance, and (6) an application of process kinetics to design biological processes that are resistant to toxic upsets.