THE LONG-LIVED MOLLUSK ARCTICA-ISLANDICA - A NEW PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC TOOL FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF BOTTOM TEMPERATURES FOR THE CONTINENTAL SHELVES OF THE NORTHERN NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN

The carbonate shell of the bivalve Arctica islandica has been recognized, for more than a decade, as a potentially important marine geochemical biorecorder owing to this species' great longevity (200+ years) and wide geographic distribution throughout the northern North Atlantic Ocean, a region vital to global climate and ocean circulation. However, until now this potential has not been realized owing to the difficulty of precisely sampling the shell of this slow growing species. Using newly available automated microsampling techniques combined with micromass stable isotope mass spectrometry, a stable oxygen isotope record (1956-1957 and 1961-1970) has been obtained from a live-captured, 38-year-old A. islandica specimen collected near the former position of the Nantucket Shoals Lightship (41-degrees-N, 69-degrees-W). The shell's deltaO-18 signal is compared with an expected signal derived from ambient bottom temperature and salinity data recorded at the lightship for the same period. The results show that A. islandica's deltaO-18 record (1) is in phase with its growth banding, confirming the annual periodicity of this species' growth bands, (2) is in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with the ambient seawater, (3) shows a consistent shell growth shutdown temperature of approximately 6-degrees-C, which translates into an approximately 8-month (May-December) shell growth period at this location, and (4) records the ambient bottom temperature with a precision of approximately +/-1.2-degree-C. These results add important information on the life history of this commercially important shellfish species and demonstrate that A. islandica shells can be used to reconstruct inter- and intra-annual records of the continental shelf bottom temperature.