A development perspective for "corporate social responsibility'': case of Turkey

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to take a snapshot of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in Turkey by exploring the role of the economy, state and societal culture. It aims to focus on the impact of cultural values on the role stakeholders play in driving corporate behaviour. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on a review of existing research into cultural dimensions and attitudes, surveys of corporate disclosures, interviews and cumulative knowledge of economic and social development. Findings - External factors have been major factors driving the emergence of the "CSR'' discourse in emerging markets. In the case of Turkey, for example, economic fundamentals and cultural dimensions do not reflect a strong societal influence on corporate behaviour. Drivers for CSR in Turkey will be exogenous and institutional rather than endogenous and cultural. Practical implications - The paper recommends a stronger role for regulations and law-enforcement in driving corporate accountability and social performance, also highlighting the importance of international influences. Originality/value - The originality of the paper is in exhibiting the role of societal culture in shaping business expectations and in arguing for a stronger role for public enforcement and international monitoring. The paper has relevance for regulators and international agencies.