POLYAMINE EFFECTS ON PURINE-PURINE-PYRIMIDINE TRIPLE-HELIX FORMATION BY PHOSPHODIESTER AND PHOSPHOROTHIOATE OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES

Utilization of oligodeoxyribonucleotides to inhibit specific gene transcription in vivo (antigene strategy) requires the efficient formation of triple helices under physiological conditions. However, pyrimidine-motif triplexes are not favored at physiological pH, and physiological concentrations of potassium cations hamper purine-motif tripler formation. Here we investigated the effects of polyamines on promoting tripler formation by G/T-rich oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing either phosphodiester or a diastereomeric mixture of phosphorothioate linkages. Compared with Mg2+, equimolar concentrations of polyamines greatly facilitated purine-motif tripler formation with the following order of effectiveness: spermine > spermidine > putrescine. At low polyamine concentrations, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were better at tripler formation than the corresponding phosphodiester oligonucleotides. Kinetic studies indicated that polyamines facilitated tripler formation by increasing the rate of oligonucleotide-duplex DNA association. However, tripler accumulation with either oligonucleotide was still low under physiological conditions (140 mM K+, 10 mM Mg2+, 1 mM spermine). The inhibitory effects of K+ could be partially overcome with high concentrations of Mg2+ or spermine, with phosphodiester oligonucleotides being better able to form triplexes than phosphorothioates under these conditions.