RETRACTED: AMRINONE IMPROVES CONTRACTILITY OF FATIGUED DIAPHRAGM IN DOGS (Retracted article. See vol. 59, pg. 1176, 2012)

The effects of amrinone, a bipyridine derivative, on diaphragmatic contractility and fatigue were examined in 36 anaesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs divided into four groups. In Group Ia (n = 8), dogs without diaphragmatic fatigue were given a bolus injection (0.75 mg.kg(-1))followed by continuous infusion (10 mu g kg(-1).min(-1)) of amrinone iv. In Group Ib (n = 8), animals without fatigue received infusion only of maintenance fluid. In Group IIa (n = 10) and Group IIb (n = 10), diaphragmatic fatigue was induced by intermittent supramaximal bilateral electrophrenic stimulation at a frequency of 20 Hz applied for 30 min. After producing fatigue, amrinone (0.75 mg.kg(-1) loading dose plus 10 mu g.k(-1).min(-1) maintenance dose) iv were administered in Group IIa. Only maintenance fluids were administered in Group IIb during this period. diaphragmatic contractility was assessed in each group by measuring transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi). Compared with Group Ib, Pdi at any stimuli in Group lo did not differ. After producing fatigue, in Group IIa and Group IIB, Pdi decreased at low-frequency (10-30 Hz) stimulation (P < 0.05), whereas no change in Pdi was observed at high-frequency (50-100 Hz) stimulation. In Group IIa, Pdi to each stimulus increased during amrinone infusion compared with Group IIb (P < 0.05) In Group IIb, the speed of recovery from fatigue was relatively slower at low-frequency stimulation The integrated diaphragmatic electric activity (Edi) did not change throughout the experiment. These results indicate that amrinone improves contractility in the fatigued diaphragm.