TROPHIC LEVELS IN COMMUNITY FOOD WEBS

被引：13

作者：

COHEN, JE

LUCZAK, T

机构：

[1] Rockefeller University, New York, 10021-6399, NY

[2] Institute of Mathematics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, 60-769

来源：

EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY | 1992年 / 6卷 / 01期

关键词：

FOOD CHAIN; CONSUMER RESOURCE INTERACTION; PREDATOR PREY INTERACTION; STRATIGRAPHY; SPECTRUM;

D O I：

10.1007/BF02285335

中图分类号：

Q14 [生态学（生物生态学）];

学科分类号：

071012 ; 0713 ;

摘要：

Four concepts are considered for the trophic level of a species in a community food web. The long-way-up-level (or LU-level) of species A is the length of the longest simple food chain from a basal species (one with no prey in the web) to A. (A simple chain is a chain that does not pass through any given species more than once.) The short-way-up-level (SU-level) of species A is the length of the shortest chain from a basal species to A. The long-way-down-level (LD-level) of species A is the length of the longest simple chain from species A to a top species (one with no consumers in the web). The short-way-down-level (SD-level) of species A is the length of the shortest chain from species A to a top species. The stratigraphy of a web is the analogue for species of the 'pyramid of numbers' for individuals: it is the frequency distribution of species according to level. The LU-, SU-, LD-, and SD-stratigraphies of the seven webs in the Briand-Cohen collection with 30 or more trophic species reveal no species with LU-level or LD-level more than 6, no species with SU-level more than 3, and no species with SD-level more than 2. In all seven webs, SD-levels are stochastically less than SU-levels: species tend to be closer to a top predator than to a basal species. Two stochastic models of food web structure (the cascade model and the homogeneous superlinear model) correctly predict that 95% or more of species should have LU-level and LD-level in the range 0-6. The models also correctly predict some details of the distribution of species in the SU- and SD-stratigraphies, particularly the fraction of species in level 1. The models do not, in general, correctly predict the distribution of species within the range 0-6 of LU-levels and LD-levels.

引用

页码：73 / 89

页数：17

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