CONVERSATIONAL CONVENTIONS, ORDER OF INFORMATION ACQUISITION, AND THE EFFECT OF BASE RATES AND INDIVIDUATING INFORMATION ON SOCIAL JUDGMENTS

被引:84
作者
KROSNICK, JA [1 ]
FAN, L [1 ]
LEHMAN, DR [1 ]
机构
[1] UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1140
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Numerous studies have shown that people underuse base-rate information in making social judgments and rely instead almost exclusively on individuating information. Seven studies reported here demonstrate that this occurred partly because most past studies gave subjects base-rate information before giving them individuating information. A recency effect in the use of base-rate and individuating information is demonstrated using a set of reasoning problems of varying character. The recency effect is shown to be the result of subjects' inferences (based on conversational conventions) that the experimenter believes that subjects should rely most on the piece of information presented last. Additional evidence discredits the hypothesis that the recency effect is due to heightened availability of more recently acquired information in memory.
引用
收藏
页码:1140 / 1152
页数:13
相关论文
共 60 条
[1]   INTUITIVE THEORIES OF EVENTS AND EFFECTS OF BASE-RATE INFORMATION ON PREDICTION [J].
AJZEN, I .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1977, 35 (05) :303-314
[2]  
Aronson E., 1990, METHODS RES SOCIAL P
[3]   THE BASE-RATE FALLACY IN PROBABILITY JUDGMENTS [J].
BARHILLEL, M .
ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA, 1980, 44 (03) :211-233
[4]   BAYESIAN-INFERENCE - COMBINING BASE RATES WITH OPINIONS OF SOURCES WHO VARY IN CREDIBILITY [J].
BIRNBAUM, MH ;
MELLERS, BA .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1983, 45 (04) :792-804
[5]   DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF ABSTRACT VS CONCRETE INFORMATION ON DECISIONS [J].
BORGIDA, E ;
NISBETT, RE .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1977, 7 (03) :258-271
[6]  
BORGIDA E, 1981, NEW DIRECTIONS ATTRI, V3, P63
[7]   EXPERT PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTIMONY IN RAPE TRIALS - A SOCIAL COGNITIVE ANALYSIS [J].
BREKKE, N ;
BORGIDA, E .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1988, 55 (03) :372-386
[8]   PRIMACY EFFECT IN SINGLE-TRIAL FREE RECALL [J].
BRUCE, D ;
PAPAY, JP .
JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR, 1970, 9 (05) :473-&
[9]  
Clark Herbert H., 1977, DISCOURSE PRODUCTION, P1
[10]  
Clark HH, 1985, HDB SOCIAL PSYCHOL, V3rd, P179