CHARACTERIZATION OF AN LYSR FAMILY PROTEIN, SMER FROM SERRATIA-MARCESCENS S6, ITS EFFECT ON EXPRESSION OF THE CARBAPENEM-HYDROLYZING BETA-LACTAMASE SME-1, AND COMPARISON OF THIS REGULATOR WITH OTHER BETA-LACTAMASE REGULATORS

Serratia marcescens S6 produces a chromosomally encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase, Sme-1 (T. Naas, L. Vandel, W. Sougakoff, D. M. Livermore, and P. Nordmann, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1262-1270, 1994), Upstream from smeA we identified a second open reading frame (EMBL accession number Z30237). This encodes a 33.1-kDa protein, SmeR, which has a high degree of homology with NmcR, the LysR regulatory protein of the only other sequenced carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase, NmcA from Enterobacter cloacae NOR-1. It is weakly related to AmpR of the chromosomal cephalosporinase regulatory systems described in E. cloacae, Yersinia enterocolitica, Citrobacter frecundii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is very weakly related to other LysR-type regulators of class A beta-lactamases. SmeR is a weakly positive regulator for Sme-1 expression in the absence of or in the presence of beta-lactam inducers, The -35 and -10 regions of smeR are in the opposite orientations and are face-to-face relative to the smeA promoter, SmeR acts similarly to NmcR and not as the AmpR regulators described for class C beta-lactamase systems, SmeR is a weak inducer in the absence or presence of beta-lactams, As was found for the AmpC-AmpR and NmcA-NmcR systems, a putative SmeR-binding site was present upstream from the beta-lactamase gene promoter regions. beta-Galactosidase activity from a smeR-lacZ translational fusion was expressed constitutively and decreased in the presence of SmeR from a coresident plasmid, suggesting that SmeR is autogenously controlled. Finally, beta-lactams did not affect the expression of SmeR, which is the second regulator of a class A carbapenemhydrolyzing beta-lactamase to be identified.