DIFFERENTIAL ROLES OF EXOLOOP-1 OF THE HUMAN FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE RECEPTOR IN HORMONE-BINDING AND RECEPTOR ACTIVATION

The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor is a member of the glycoprotein hormone receptor subfamily of the seven-transmembrane receptor superfamily, These receptors have an extracellular N-terminal half of similar to 350 amino acids and a membrane-associated C-terminal half of similar to 350 amino acids. The N-terminal halves have the high affinity hormone binding site, On the other hand, the C-terminal half of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor has the receptor activation site. However, little is known about the activation site and mechanism of the FSH receptor, although the existing evidence indicates crucial differences in the activation of the FSH receptor and the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor, As a first step to resolve this issue, we examined the upstream juxtamembrane five amino acids, Asp(405)-Ile(406)-His(407)-Thr(408)-Lys(409), of the exoloop 1, Ala scan and multi-substitutions show that the five amino acid sequence is important for both hormone binding and receptor activation to induce cAMP synthesis, despite its short length, Specifically, His(407) is important for high affinity hormone binding, whereas Asp(405) Thr(408), and Lys(409) are crucial for receptor activation, The data suggest that the five amino acids may form a turn of helix that is an extension of the transmembrane helix 2. In this helical arrangement, Asp(405), Thr(408), and Lys(409) are grouped to form a hydrophilic face of the helix, suggesting a correlation between this arrange ment and receptor activation, In addition, the diverse and differential roles of the five amino acids indicate that high affinity hormone binding and receptor activation are discernible functions, These novel observations will be helpful for understanding the activation mechanism of the FSH receptor.