Low susceptibility of resident microglia to simian immunodeficiency virus replication during the early stages of infection

To assess the susceptibility of resident microglia to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, we analysed the brains of rhesus macaques after intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of the virus into the central region at 7 days, 1, 2 and 3 months post-inoculation (p.i.). The brains of animals showed the same moderate neuropathological changes in central, frontal and parietal regions of the brain, characterized by gliosis, microglial nodules, perivascular infiltrates and occasional white matter pallor and similar low numbers of infected cells detected by in situ hybridization. These results, showing that i.c. inoculation did not lead to preferential infection of brain tissue. even near the inoculation point at 7 days p.i., provide evidence for the low susceptibility of resident microglia to SIV replication during the early stages of infection.