CONTRAST AND ACCENTUATION EFFECTS IN CATEGORY LEARNING

被引:50
作者
KRUEGER, J [1 ]
ROTHBART, M [1 ]
机构
[1] UNIV OREGON, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0022-3514.59.4.651
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
This study examines the accentuation of perceived intercategory differences. In Experiment 1, 2 sets of trait adjectives were presented-a neutral set and a set of either favorable traits or unfavorable traits. Ss estimated the mean favorability of each set. The mean favorability of the neutral set was then increased or decreased by adding new traits. As predicted, the estimated mean favorability of the neutral set changed more when the set became more distinct from a contextual set than when it became more similar. In Experiment 2, estimated category means were displaced away from each other (contrast effect), and they moved even farther apart when new information increased the variability of trait favorability (accentuation effect). This change was illusory because the actual category means remained constant. Experiment 3, in which trait adjectives described members of 2 novel groups, replicated Experiment 2. The relevance of contrast and accentuation effects to the development and maintenance of differentiated intergroup perceptions is discussed.
引用
收藏
页码:651 / 663
页数:13
相关论文
共 30 条
[1]  
Allport G. W., 1954, NATURE PREJUDICE
[2]  
Amir Y., 1976, ELIMINATION RACISM, P245, DOI DOI 10.1016/B978-0-08-018316-9.50016-3
[3]   THINKING ABOUT PERSONS [J].
ASCH, SE ;
ZUKIER, H .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1984, 46 (06) :1230-1240
[4]   FORMING IMPRESSIONS OF PERSONALITY [J].
ASCH, SE .
JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1946, 41 (03) :258-290
[5]  
Brewer MB., 1988, ADV SOCIAL COGNITION, P1, DOI DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5
[6]   ENHANCEMENT OF CONTRAST AS COMPOSITE HABIT [J].
CAMPBELL, DT .
JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1956, 53 (03) :350-355
[7]  
CLARKE ROBERT B., 1955, JOUR ABNORMAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOL, V51-31, P585
[9]   A CONTINUUM OF IMPRESSION-FORMATION, FROM CATEGORY-BASED TO INDIVIDUATING PROCESSES - INFLUENCES OF INFORMATION AND MOTIVATION ON ATTENTION AND INTERPRETATION [J].
FISKE, ST ;
NEUBERG, SL .
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1990, 23 :1-74
[10]  
GOLDBERG LR, 1973, SOME NORMATIVE CHARA