MODELING TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION, ENERGY AND MASS-FLOW IN A (PHASE-CHANGING) SNOWPACK .1. MODEL AND CASE-STUDIES

In the first part, a model is presented which calculates the temperature distribution, the energy and mass flow in an one-dimensional layered snowpack as a function of meteorological data like air temperature, humidity, wind speed, short-and long-wave radiation, snow accumulation etc. For this model called DAISY widely used numerical algorithms have been extended to include also melting/freezing which allow to calculate the temperature distribution highly accurate and fast. In a second part this model has been used for case studies which are important for various applications like avalanche warning, hydrology, etc.