Biosensors are based on the direct coupling of a matrix-bound bioactive substance, which is responsible for the specific recognition of the species of interest, and a physico-chemical transducer supplying an electric output signal which is processed by the electronic component. The aim of this combination is the specific and sensitive determination of a large spectrum of substances in clinical laboratories, fermentation processes and pollution control. Biosensors for about 100 different parameters have been described in the literature; however, biosensor-based analyzers have been commercialized for only 11 substances. Their functional characteristics are presented here. The following main aspects are discussed: integration of the biosensor components; designing and application of coupled enzyme reactions; immunosensors and microbial electrodes; and electrochemical modulation of the recognition process.
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页码:135 / 160
页数:26
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