IMPACT OF TILLAGE ON MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND THE FATE OF PESTICIDES IN THE UPPER SOIL

被引:37
作者
LEVANON, D [1 ]
MEISINGER, JJ [1 ]
CODLING, EE [1 ]
STARR, JL [1 ]
机构
[1] US ARS,NRI,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705
关键词
D O I
10.1007/BF01257123
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The impact of two tillage systems, plow tillage (PT) and no-tillage (NT), on microbial activity and the fate of pesticides in the 0-5 cm soil layer were studied. The insecticides carbofuran and diazinon, and the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor were used in the study, which included the incubation and leaching of pesticides from untreated soils and soils in which microorganisms had been inhibited. The mineralization of ring C-14 labeled pesticides was studied. The study differentiated between biotic and abiotic processes that determine the fate of pesticides in the soil. Higher leaching rates of pesticides from PT soils are explaned by the relative importance of each of these processes. In NT soils, higher microbial populations and activity were associated with higher mineralization rates of atrazine, diazinon and carbofuran. Enhanced transformation rates played an important role in minimizing the leaching of metolachlor and carbofuran from NT soils. The role of abiotic adsorption/retention was important in minimizing the leaching of metolachlor, carbofuran and atrazine from NT soils. The role of fungi and bacteria in the biodegradation process was studied by selective inhibition techniques. Synergistic effects between fungi and bacteria in the degradation of atrazine and diazinon were observed. Carbofuran was also degraded in the soils where fungi were selectively inhibited. Possible mechanisms for enhanced biodegradation and decreased mobility of these pesticides in the upper layer of NT soils are discussed.
引用
收藏
页码:179 / 189
页数:11
相关论文
共 21 条
[1]   EFFECTS OF TILL VS NO-TILL ON THE QUALITY OF SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER [J].
ARSHAD, MA ;
SCHNITZER, M ;
ANGERS, DA ;
RIPMEESTER, JA .
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY, 1990, 22 (05) :595-599
[2]  
BARTHA RICHARD, 1965, SOIL SCI, V100, P68, DOI 10.1097/00010694-196507000-00011
[3]  
BOLLAG JM, 1990, DEV IND MICROBIOL S5, V31
[4]  
BOLLAG JM, 1990, BOOK SERIES, V2, P169
[5]  
Bremner J.M., 1965, METHODS SOIL ANAL PA, P1149
[6]   BACTERIAL METABOLISM OF CARBOFURAN [J].
CHAUDHRY, GR ;
ALI, AN .
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 1988, 54 (06) :1414-1419
[7]   BIODEGRADATION OF S-TRIAZINE XENOBIOTICS [J].
COOK, AM .
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, 1987, 46 (02) :93-116
[8]  
Dick W. A., 1987, Effects of conservation tillage on groundwater quality - nitrates and pesticides,, P125
[9]  
DORAN JW, 1987, BIOL FERT SOILS, V5, P68, DOI 10.1007/BF00264349
[10]  
DORAN JW, 1982, CROPS SOILS MAGAZINE, P10