BOND GRAPH MODELING AND COMPUTER-SIMULATION OF AUTOMOTIVE TORQUE CONVERTERS

A derivation of a set of four first-order nonlinear differential equations describing torque converter dynamics is given, along with the corresponding bond graph representation. The bond graph consists of an inertia-field and modulated gyrators which couple mechanical and hydraulic ports. A dualization of this structure replaces the original I-field by an IC-field, and all modulated gyrators by their partial duals - the modulated transformers. The paper concludes with examples of static torque converter model validation and complete, dynamic model usage in the design of shift quality controllers for discrete ratio electronic transmissions.