ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCHISTOSOMA-HAEMATOBIUM

被引:130
作者
WOOLHOUSE, MEJ
TAYLOR, P
MATANHIRE, D
CHANDIWANA, SK
机构
[1] UNIV ZIMBABWE,TRAINING CTR WATER & SANITAT,HARARE,ZIMBABWE
[2] BLAIR RES LAB,HARARE,ZIMBABWE
关键词
D O I
10.1038/351757a0
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
HUMAN immune responses to schistosome infection have been characterized in detail 1-5. But there has been controversy 6 over the relative importance of ecological factors (variation in exposure to infection) and immunological factors (acquired immunity) in determining the relationships between levels of infection and age typically found in areas where infection is endemic 7,8. Independent effects of exposure and age on the rates of reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium after chemotherapy have been demonstrated in the Gambia 9 and Zimbabwe 8. This age effect could be the result of acquired immunity to infection. Indeed, allowing for variation in exposure and age, low rates of reinfection in the Gambia are correlated with high amounts of specific IgE antibodies 10 -human IgE can kill S. mansoni schistosomulae in vitro 11. Further, animals can acquire immunologically mediated resistance to S. mansoni infection 12,14, although nonimmunological factors could also be involved 15. Acquisition of this immunity seems to be related to the cumulative effects of repeated infection and provides only partial protection 12,13,16. These characteristics are consistent with immuno-epidemiological data for both S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections of humans 4,17. We have now analysed age-prevalence data for human infection with S. haematobium, and find patterns of variation that are indeed consistent with the epidemiological effects of acquired immunity predicted by mathematical models.
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页码:757 / 759
页数:3
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