ISOLATION, PURIFICATION, AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ENTERO-TOXIN FROM EXTRACTS OF ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA TROPHOZOITES

Soluble cell-free extracts of pathogenic E. histolytica, as well as serum-free minimal media in which trophozoites are incubated, contain substances that cause the rapid rounding up and detachment of tissue-cultured monolayers of mammalian cells (cytopathic activity) and induce fluid secretion in ligated intestinal loops of indomethacin-pretreated rats (enterotoxic activity). A semiquantitative assay for the determination of the cytopathic activity based on the rate of detachment of tissue-cultured baby hamster kidney cells was developed. Two peaks containing cytopathic activity were obtained upon gel filtration of the soluble extracts: peak I, with > 60% of the activity, emerged in the 30,000 to 50,000 MW region, peak II, containing the remaining activity, was in the 15,000-25,000 MW region. The activity of peak I was heat labile and inhibited by sialoglycoproteins such as fetuin and mucin (5 mg/ml), as well as sialic acid. Protease inhibitors such as antitrypsin, pepstatin, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, metaloprotease inhibitors, and bacitracin had no effect on the cytopathic activity. Marked inhibition of cytopathic activity was observed, however, with iodoacetamide and p-chloromercuribenzoate, which affect sulfhydryl groups. The toxic material in peak II had ionophoric activity and was not inhibited by sialic acid-containing compounds. The materials from both peaks had enterotoxic activity in intestinal ligated loops. The active substance from peak I was further purified (200x) on an agarose-fetuin affinity column, yielding one major protein band with an apparent MW .apprx. 30,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate. Amino acid analysis revealed that the protein was very poor in sulfur amino acids. The sialic acid-sensitive toxic activity was higher in known virulent strains such as HM-1:IMSS and could be markedly augmented after preincubation of the trophozoites with certain Escherichia coli strains.