INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE MAY ACCESS CALCIUM FROM STORES NOT COUPLED TO MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS IN XENOPUS OOCYTES

Oocytes of a large fraction of Xenopus females exhibit a complex response to acetylcholine (ACh) consisting of rapid, transient and prolonged, slow chloride currents. Frequent consecutive challenges or a single prolonged challenge with ACh result in a marked decrease in response amplitudes, i.e. refractoriness. In ACh-refractory oocytes, the response to injected inositol 1,4,5,-trisphosphate (InsP3,), the intracellular mediator of the ACh response, is not affected. Similarly, InsP3-evoked responses were obtained in oocytes that lacked muscarinic response or that lost their responsiveness as a result of progesterone-induced maturation. To investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon, we have depleted intracellular calcium stores by repeated challenges with ACh in calcium-free medium. Disappearance of the ACh response through depletion of the ACh-coupled calcium store did not prevent a subsequent response to InsP3. These results imply that InsP3 can mobilize calcium from other stores, not depleted by previous exposure to ACh. This finding is further reinforced by our results that demonstrate that ACh causes Ca-45 efflux in responsive oocytes, while InsP3 in supramaximal concentrations does not induce Ca-45 efflux. Indeed, InsP3 can induce Ca-45 efflux only when more than 2 pmol/oocyte is injected. This is also the concentration of InsP3 that desensitizes the InsP3 response. These data suggest that InsP3 also releases cellular calcium from stores different from those mobilized by ACh.