Interaction of phenylalanyl-transfer-RNA (Phe-tRNA) with poly-uridylic acid linked ribosome subunits from rat liver was investigated at different Mg2+ concentrations with and without transfer enzymes. Using Mgr+ concentration optimal for protein synthesis, Phe-tRNA binding was found only in the presence of both complementarity acting transfer enzyme fractions with peptide synthesis simultaneously occurring. At high Mg2+ concentrations Phe-tRNA was bound non-enzymatically to ribosomes.