FUNGAL HYPHAE AS A SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS FOR THE LEAF-CUTTING ANT ATTA SEXDENS

The mutualistic fungus of leaf-cutting ants produces both ordinary hyphae and specialized ant rewards: the staphylae. Workers of Atta sexdens (L.) lived longer on diets which included nutritive staphylae than on those which provided only hyphae. However, hyphae were a better diet than sucrose solution or water alone. Small workers lived longer than large workers when receiving fungus garden, whether or not staphylae were available, probably because they are specialized to care for the garden and can exploit it. Large workers lived longer than small ones when only water was available. This may be a consequence of scale, larger workers containing proportionately more nutritional reserves in their bodies. When starved workers were exposed to fungus for 3 h, they gained weight. This weight gain represented the amount of food ingested during the test period. Workers gained 7.3 times more weight on natural fungus garden bearing staphylae than on garden with only hyphae. They gained only 1.5 times as much weight when the fungus was artificially cultured on agar. The results suggested that workers found hyphae attractive, but difficult to obtain in natural fungus gardens. Material from hyphae and staphylae stained with a fluorescent dye was detected in worker crop contents using. fluorescence microscopy. The crop contents of workers fed on staphylae fluoresced 1.14 times more than those of workers fed on hyphae. Hyphae may provide a small source of food for workers, and the fungus as a whole may provide up to 9.0% of the respiratory energy requirements of workers, the remainder presumably being provided by plant sap.