ANALYSIS OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL OF THE GERD SPORE GERMINATION GENE OF BACILLUS-SUBTILIS 168

The gerD locus of Bacillus subtilis comprises a single gene whose function is essential for the germination of B. subtilis spores in media containing asparagine, glucose, and fructose. The expression of gerD has been characterized by using a chromosomal lacZ fusion to the gerD promoter. The promoter is switched on at the same time as the synthesis of glucose dehydrogenase, 2.5 h after sporulation has been initiated in the developing forespore. The gerD gene is not expressed in spoIIB or spoIIIA, -IIIB, -EIII, -FIII, or -IIIG mutants, but it is expressed in spoIIIC and -IIID and spoIVA mutant backgrounds. The in vivo transcriptional start point of the gene has been mapped by primer extension analysis, and sequences upstream from the start point show considerable homology with the promoter consensus sequences recognized by RNA polymerase containing the forespore-specific sigma factor sigma-G (E-sigma-G). gerD is transcribed in vitro by E-sigma-G with a similar if not identical start point to that found in vivo, and expression of the gene can be rapidly induced in vegetative cells following the induction of sigma-G synthesis. These results indicate that gerD is another member of the sigma-G regulon, which includes a number of genes expressed only in the forespore compartment of sporulating cells of B. subtilis.