A YEAST ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME COVERING THE TYROSINASE GENE CONFERS COPY NUMBER-DEPENDENT EXPRESSION IN TRANSGENIC MICE

EXPRESSION of transgenes in mice often fails to follow the normal temporal and spatial pattern and to reach the same level as the endogenous copies1,2. Only in exceptional cases has position-independent and copy number-dependent expression been reproduced3. The size constraint of standard constructs may prevent the inclusion of important remote regulatory elements. Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs)4 provide a means of cloning large DNA fragments and the transfer of YAC DNA into somatic cells has been reported5-9. We have previously produced transgenic mice carrying a 35 kilobase YAC construct10. Here we report the transfer of a 250 kilobase YAC covering the mouse tyrosinase gene into mice by pronuclear injection of gel-purified YAC DNA. The YAC was inserted into the mouse genome without major rearrangements and expression of the YAC-borne tyrosinase gene resulted in complete rescue of the albino phenotype of the recipient mice. Expression from the transgene reached levels comparable to that of the endogenous gene and showed copy number dependence and position independence.