FAMILIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GILLES-DE-LA-TOURETTE SYNDROME, ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER, LEARNING-DISABILITIES, SPEECH DISORDERS, AND STUTTERING

被引:137
作者
PAULS, DL
LECKMAN, JF
COHEN, DJ
机构
[1] Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
关键词
GILLES-DE-LA-TOURETTE SYNDROME; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; LEARNING DISABILITIES; STUTTERING; SPEECH DISORDERS;
D O I
10.1097/00004583-199309000-00025
中图分类号
B844 [发展心理学(人类心理学)];
学科分类号
040202 ;
摘要
Objective: This study examined the familial relationship between Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) and attention deficit disorder (ADD), learning problems, speech disorders, and stuttering. Method: This family study consisted of 338 first degree relatives of 85 GTS probands and 113 controls. All available relatives were personally assessed using structured interviews, and family history information was collected from all family members. Best-estimate diagnoses were assigned for GTS, ADD, learning problems, speech disorders, and stuttering. Analyses examined whether ADD, learning problems, speech disorders, and stuttering by themselves represent genetically variant expressions of GTS. Results: There was no evidence that ADD, learning problems, speech disorders, or stuttering represent variant expressions of GTS. However, relatives with GTS were at increased risk for ADD regardless of the ADD diagnosis of the GTS proband. Conclusions: ADD, learning problems, stuttering, and speech problems by themselves are not variant forms of GTS. However, GTS and ADD may be etiologically related in some persons. There may be two types of individuals with GTS and ADD: ones in whom ADD is independent of GTS, and others in whom ADD is secondary to occurrence of GTS.
引用
收藏
页码:1044 / 1050
页数:7
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