RESPIRATORY HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS AND SUMMERTIME HAZE AIR-POLLUTION IN TORONTO, ONTARIO - CONSIDERATION OF THE ROLE OF ACID AEROSOLS

被引:243
作者
THURSTON, GD
ITO, K
HAYES, CG
BATES, DV
LIPPMANN, M
机构
[1] US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711
[2] UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT HLTH CARE & EPIDEMIOL,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA
关键词
D O I
10.1006/enrs.1994.1037
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
A study of air pollution and daily hospital admissions for respiratory causes was conducted in Toronto, Ontario. Fine aerosol (d(a) < 2.5 mu m) samples were collected daily at a central city site during July and August 1986, 1987, and 1988 and were subsequently extracted and analyzed for daily particulate phase aerosol strong acidity (H+) and sulfates (SO4=). Daily counts of respiratory admissions to 22 acute care hospitals and daily meteorological and environmental data (e.g. ozone [O-3], total suspended particulate matter [TSP], and thoracic particle mass [PM10] were also obtained. Regression analyses indicated that only the O-3, H+, and SO4= associations with respiratory and asthma admissions remained consistently significant after controlling for temperature. Even after excluding days with maximum 1-hr O-3 > 120 ppb, O-3 was still strongly significant. In the various model specifications considered, the relative particle metric strengths of association with admissions were generally H+ > SO4= > FP > PM10 > TSP, indicating that particle size and composition are of central importance in defining the adverse human health effects of particulate matter. On average, summertime haze air pollution was associated with 24% of all respiratory admissions (21% with O-3, 3% with H+). On peak pollution days, however, aerosol acidity yielded the highest relative risk estimates (e.g., RR = 1.5 at 391 nmole/m(3) H+), and summertime haze was associated with roughly half of all respiratory admissions. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
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收藏
页码:271 / 290
页数:20
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