METHYL FORMATE AS A NEW BUILDING BLOCK IN C1 CHEMISTRY

Methyl formate has been proposed as a building block molecule in C1 chemistry. This paper examines the potential of this concept by reviewing the processes of synthesis of the molecule and the chemical reactions that it undergoes. Methyl formate can be produced by a variety of routes from a number of feedstocks. The reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide is an efficient process, used commercially. Combination of an efficient synthesis of methyl formate and its facile decomposition allows the molecule to be used as a means for separation, storage and transport of synthesis gas. The number of reactions that convert methyl formate to other chemicals is large. In particular, the synthesis of large volume chemicals such as methanol, acetic acid and ethylene glycol deserves serious consideration. Examples are provided of applications in the chemical and energy industries involving methyl formate. The reactions involved in the synthesis and transformation of methyl formate are mostly catalytic in nature. Many currently known catalytic systems are not efficient to compete with conventional routes involving methanol or synthesis gas. Fundamental research to understand the catalytic chemistry involved is highly desirable in order to improve the performance of the catalytic systems. © 1990.