The effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the activities of the natural microbial communities of deep-sea environments are not yet clearly defined. In the conditions of deep Mediterranean sea environments (13-degrees-C at 1100 m depth, in stratified water conditions), incorporation of C-14-glucose by natural seawater microflora in 3-h incubation experiments appeared to be affected by decompression during retrieval and incubation. Measurements of microbial activities in decompressed samples were an underestimation of the real activity in this deep-sea environment. The underestimation of rates of microbial activity was even greater when samples collected in a Niskin bottle were recompressed at the in situ pressure.