DEVELOPMENTAL AND THYROID HORMONE-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF PANCREATIC GENES IN XENOPUS-LAEVIS

We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA encoding Xenopus laevis pancreatic trypsin, which has ∼70% amino acid sequence identity to mammalian tiypsinogen. Northern blotting analysis shows that the trypsin gene is activated just before the tadpole starts to feed, reaches peak activity in the swimming tadpole (premetamorphosis), and is then repressed during prometamorphosis, attaining its lowest activity at the climax of metamorphosis. The same gene is then activated again in frogs but to a much lower level. The pattern of the changes in trypsin gene expression is followed by at least two other pancreas-specific genes and marks the remodeling of the pancreas of the animal at metamorphosis. Thyroid hormone, which is the causative agent of metamorphosis, can down-regulate trypsin gene expression prematurely.