HOUSEHOLD CLUSTERING AND INTRAHOUSEHOLD TRANSMISSION PATTERNS OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION IN SOUTH-AFRICA

被引:44
作者
KARIM, SSA
THEJPAL, R
COOVADIA, HM
机构
[1] UNIV NATAL, FAC MED, DEPT PAEDIAT, POB 17039, CONGELLA 4013, SOUTH AFRICA
[2] RES INST DIS TROP ENVIRONM, DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA
[3] COLUMBIA UNIV, GERTRUDE H SERGIEVSKY CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
D O I
10.1093/ije/20.2.495
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
The objective of this study was to investigate household clustering of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in South Africa in order to understand intra-household patterns of virus transmission that would provide information on potential risk factors of HBV infection. Subjects were the household contacts of 28 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive children (index-carrier), 22 hepatitis B surface antibody positive children (index-past-infection) and 35 children with no serological evidence of HBV infection (index-negative). Evidence of HBV infection (at least one positive HBV marker) was present in 73.7%, 48.7% and 38.2% and HBsAg was present in 19.9%, 8.7% and 2.9% of household contacts of index-carrier (N = 186), index-past-infection (N = 150) and index-negative (N = 207) children respectively. The clustering of HBV infection and HBsAg was present in all subgroups of household contacts regardless of the degree of relatedness to the index child. As age increased, the cumulative prevalence of HBV infection increased while the likelihood of being HBsAg positive decreased. Regardless of age, males were more likely (p < 0.01) than females to be HBsAg positive. We conclude that HBV infection clusters in households; that there is an increased susceptibility, which is probably not genetically mediated, of becoming an HBV carrier in certain households and that males are at greater risk of being HBV carriers. Intra-household horizontal person-to-person transmission, the precise mechanisms of which are not known, is important in South African blacks.
引用
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页码:495 / 503
页数:9
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