AN EVALUATION OF DARE (DRUG-ABUSE RESISTANCE EDUCATION), USING A SOLOMON 4-GROUP DESIGN WITH LATENT-VARIABLES

The authors examine the effectiveness of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) controlling for maturation and pretest sensitization by using a Solomon Four-Group design with latent variables. Results analyzed at the classroom level (440 classrooms, 10000 students) indicated that D.A.R.E. participation resulted in greater self-esteem stronger institutional bonds, and endorsement of fever risky behaviors. The pretest was reactive on one of four latent-variable outcomes: resistance to peer pressure. Maturation resulted in effects counter to D.A.R.E.: lower self-esteem and weaker institutional bonds. Effects were stronger than those reported in prior meta-analytic studies.