PATTERNS OF RESPIRATION AND HEART-RATE DURING WAKEFULNESS AND SLEEP IN ELEPHANT SEAL PUPS

被引:81
作者
CASTELLINI, MA
MILSOM, WK
BERGER, RJ
COSTA, DP
JONES, DR
CASTELLINI, JM
REA, LD
BHARMA, S
HARRIS, M
机构
[1] UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA, DEPT ZOOL, VANCOUVER V6T 1Z4, BC, CANADA
[2] UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, DEPT BIOL, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA
[3] UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, INST MARINE SCI, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA
来源
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY | 1994年 / 266卷 / 03期
关键词
MARINE MAMMALS; APNEA; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM;
D O I
10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.3.R863
中图分类号
Q4 [生理学];
学科分类号
071003 ;
摘要
Although breath holding during diving has been studied extensively in seals, the recent observation that these mammals also exhibit long-duration apnea while apparently sleeping has not been systematically examined. This project examined sleep apnea in northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris). The animals exhibited a sequential sleep pattern of wakefulness-slow-wave sleep (SWS)-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep that resembled the normal pattern of mammalian sleep. The typical respiratory pattern during sleep in 4-mo-old pups consisted of short periods of continuous breathing separated by periods of apnea of up to 12 min. Several cycles of apnea and eupnea could occur during a single sleep episode. Breathing during a sleep cycle occurred only in SWS, never during REM sleep. The eupneic heart rate was characterized by significant sinus arrhythmia, and the apneic heart rate was similar to the minimum value during normal sinus arrhythmia. Patterns of change in breathing and heart rate associated with wakefulness and sleep were similar in seals sleeping underwater and on land. When sleeping underwater, the seals raised their heads to the surface to breathe without awakening. The changes in heart rate associated with normal sinus arrhythmia, sleep apnea, and diving apnea appear to be similar, suggesting regulation by a common homeostatic control mechanism.
引用
收藏
页码:R863 / R869
页数:7
相关论文
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