RACE, BRAIN SIZE AND INTELLIGENCE - A REJOINDER TO CAIN AND VANDERWOLF

Cain and Vanderwolf (Personality and Individual Differences 11, pp. 777-784, 1990) commit a Grand Type II Error in denying the relation between the variables juxtaposed in the title of this rejoinder. This reply (a) presents 20 studies showing a positive correlation between brain size and IQ, one of which used magnetic resonance imaging to scan the brain, (b) re-examines whether the races differ in brain size from data not previously presented including a reanalysis of a 1930 study using external head measurements and a 1984 study of endocranial volume and confirms that the ranking is Mongoloids &62; Caucasoids &62; Negroids, (c) suggests that when the appropriate brain-body allometric regressions are taken into account, sex differences in brain size disappear while race differences remain, and (d) explains the evolution of brain size, intelligence and race from a broad-based r / K life-history perspective. © 1990.