PROSTAGLANDIN-E (PGE) AND INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA (IL-1-BETA) LEVELS IN GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID DURING HUMAN ORTHODONTIC TOOTH MOVEMENT

The purpose of this study was to examine gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of two potent bone resorbing mediators, prostaglandin E (PGE) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), during human orthodontic tooth movement. The study included 10 patients, each having one treatment tooth undergoing orthodontic movement and a contralateral control tooth. The GCF was sampled at control sites and treatment (compression) sites before activation and at 1, 24, 48, and 168 hours. Prevention of plaque-induced inflammation allowed this study to focus on the dynamics of mechanically stimulated PGE and IL-1beta GCF levels. The PGE and IL-1beta levels were determined with radioimmunoassay. At 1 and 24 hours, mean GCF IL-1beta levels were significantly elevated at treatment teeth (8.9 +/- 2.0 and 19.2 +/- 6.0 pg, respectively) compared with control teeth (2.0 +/- 1.1 pg, p = 0.0049, and 2.9 - 1.0 pg, p = 0.0209, respectively). The GCF levels of PGE for the treatment teeth were significantly higher at 24 and 48 hours (108.9 +/- 11.9 and 97.9 +/- 7.3 pg) than the control teeth (61.8 +/- 7.2 pg, p = 0.0071, and 70.8 +/- 7.4 pg, p = 0.0021, respectively). The GCF levels of PGE and IL-1beta remained at baseline levels throughout the study for the control teeth, whereas significant elevations from baseline in GCF IL-1beta (24 hours) and PGE levels (24 and 48 hours) were observed over time in the treatment teeth (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). These results demonstrate that bone-resorbing PGE and IL-1beta produced within the periodontium are detectable in GCF during the early phases of tooth movement and return to baseline within 7 days.