DESIGN OF A COOPERATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING SYSTEM FOR EN-ROUTE FLIGHT PLANNING - AN EMPIRICAL-EVALUATION

被引:66
作者
LAYTON, C
SMITH, PJ
MCCOY, CE
机构
[1] GALAXY SCI CORP,ATLANTA,GA
[2] OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210
[3] OHIO UNIV,ATHENS,OH 45701
关键词
Adaptive systems - Cognitive systems - Computational complexity - Ergonomics - Expert systems - Interactive computer systems - Man machine systems - Mathematical models - Optimization - Performance - Personnel - Systems analysis;
D O I
10.1177/001872089403600106
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Both optimization techniques and expert systems technologies are popular approaches for developing tools to assist in complex problem-solving tasks. Because of the underlying complexity of many such tasks, however, the models of the world implicitly or explicitly embedded in such tools are often incomplete and the problem-solving methods fallible. The result can be ''brittleness'' in situations that were not anticipated by the system designers. To deal with this weakness, it has been suggested that ''cooperative'' rather than ''automated'' problem-solving systems be designed. Such cooperative systems are proposed to explicitly enhance the collaboration of the person (or a group of people) and the computer system. This study evaluates the impact of alternative design concepts on the performance of 30 airline pilots interacting with such a cooperative system designed to support enroute flight planning. The results clearly demonstrate that different system design concepts can strongly influence the cognitive processes and resultant performances of users. Based on think-aloud protocols, cognitive models are proposed to account for how features of the computer system interacted with specific types of scenarios to influence exploration and decision making by the pilots. The results are then used to develop recommendations for guiding the design of cooperative systems.
引用
收藏
页码:94 / 119
页数:26
相关论文
共 21 条
[1]  
COHEN MS, 1989, 892 DEC SCI CONS INC
[2]  
COOMBS M, 1987, INT J MAN MACH STUD, V20, P21
[3]  
Elstein AS, 1978, MED PROBLEM SOLVING, DOI DOI 10.1177/016224397800300337
[4]  
FRAER JM, 1992, INT J MAN MACH STUD, V37, P265
[5]  
HAYES-ROTH B, 1979, Cognitive Science, V3, P275, DOI 10.1016/S0364-0213(79)80010-5
[6]  
HOC JM, 1988, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL PL
[7]   STUDIES OF PLANNING BEHAVIOR OF AIRCRAFT PILOTS IN NORMAL, ABNORMAL, AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS [J].
JOHANNSEN, G ;
ROUSE, WB .
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS, 1983, 13 (03) :267-278
[8]   COGNITIVE-FACTORS IN USER EXPERT-SYSTEM INTERACTION [J].
LEHNER, PE ;
ZIRK, DA .
HUMAN FACTORS, 1987, 29 (01) :97-109
[9]  
Miller G. A., 1960, PLANS STRUCTURE BEHA
[10]  
Robertson S.P., 1990, COGNITION COMPUTING