OPTIMIZING THE INTEGRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS WITH ELECTRIC UTILITIES

This paper introduces a comprehensive simulation package whereby the optimal size, operation, performance and economics of a PV system can be determined in the utility-integrated mode. The central issue that concerns the paper is to present a single definitive optimization model that ties together most ideas in this expansive area of utility integration of PV systems. A stepwise analytical methodology starting at the solar resource and culminating in the value of the PV system in terms of avoided costs is provided. The methodology includes processing of the solar irradiance; identification of the PV system's configuration and operational features; identification of real-time system controls in the presence of PV generations; security assessment in the presence of PV and production costing and capacity expansion analysis with PV. The optimization package is sub-divided into five different sub-groups based on their respective purposes in the context of the overall scheme. The paper describes in detail the functions of each sub-group in the analysis and the interpretation of results from each which can then be tied together to yield important parameters, such as capacity credit, PV penetration, costs, etc.