OPTIMIZATION AND REDESIGN OF AN ELECTRON SPECTROMETER FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION GAS-PHASE UV PHOTOELECTRON, AUGER-ELECTRON, AND ION FRAGMENT SPECTROSCOPY

Extensive modifications of an electrostatic electron spectrometer of the hemispherical type are described. The purpose of the modifications is to make the instrument more suitable for high-resolution gas phase spectroscopy. The changes concern substitution of electrical adjustments for mechanical precision, improved flexibility in focusing, and a new system of computer-controlled power supplies and detector interface. The instrument is also used for energy analysis of positive ions. Conversion between positive and negative particle analysis is achieved simply by reversing the polarities of all relevant voltages by a number of switches. A gas cell with internal heating is described. The influence of gas cell conditions on resolution is briefly discussed. The computer programs used for spectrometer control, data acquisition, spectrometer optimization, and calibration are described.