AN ANIONIC GALACTOMANNAN POLYSACCHARIDE GUM FROM A NEWLY-ISOLATED LACTOSE-UTILIZING BACTERIUM .1. STRAIN DESCRIPTION AND GUM CHARACTERIZATION

As part of an effort to obtain microorganisms able to produce polysaccharide gums from whey and whey permeate, soil samples from farm fields regularly treated with whey were screened for bacteria able to produce gums from lactose. The most promising organism isolated (ATCC 55046) is a facultative anaerobe, tentatively identified as a new Erwinia species on the basis of biochemical and morphological tests. The organism produces a polysaccharide gum from lactose and other sugars (herein named lactan gum) composed of mannose, galactose, and galacturonic acid with an approximate molar ratio of 5:3:2 and containing no organic acid modifying groups. The weight average molecular weight of the gum is approximately 7 X 10(6). Aqueous solutions of lactan gum exhibit shear-thinning and elastic flow behavior with an estimated power law model flow index of 0.26 at 1 % (w/w) gum. The viscosity of aqueous 1 % (w/w) lactan gum solutions is stable over a pH range of 2-11, being particularly stable in alkaline environments. Aqueous 1 % (w/w) gum solutions at pH 5-11 show excellent thermostablility, retaining at least 80 % of the original viscosity after being heated to 121-degrees-C for 15 min. These flow properties indicate potential industrial applications in food and nonfood products requiring a moderate degree of thickening, wet-end additives and coating agents for paper products, ceramics, detergents, and binders for building materials.