Functionality of cellulose by impregnation of inorganic substances

Functionalities of cellulose with inorganic substances were examined in the forms of membrane and fiber. Cellulose membranes impregnated with iron oxide, metal (Pd, Ru, Rh) particles, and silver particles acted as Donnan effective permselective membrane, hydrogenation-catalytic membrane, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering active substrate, respectively. Enzyme was entrap-immobilized onto cellulose-TiO2 (ZrO2) gel fiber via gel formation of cellulose with metal alkoxide. The entrap-immobilized fiber is stable in common solvents, phosphate and electrolyte solution over a wide range of pH values (4-10).