LIMITING FACTORS FOR CARBON-BASED CHEMICAL DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS

The chemical double-layer (CDL) capacitor improves the energy storage density dramatically when compared with conventional electrolytic capacitors. When compared to batteries, the CDL capacitor is much less energy dense, however the power density is orders of magnitude better. As a result, CDL-battery combinations present an interesting pulse power system with many potential applications. Due to the nature of the CDL, it is inherently a low voltage device. The applications of the CDL can be tailored to auxiliary energy and burst mode storages which require fast charge/discharge cycles. Typical of the applications envisioned are power system backup, directed energy weapons concepts, electric automobiles, and electric actuators. In this paper, we will discuss some of the general characteristics of carbon-based CDL technology, describing the structure, performance parameters, and methods of construction. Further, analytical and experimental results which define the state-of-the-art are presented and described in terms of impact on applications.