CONTROL SAMPLING STRATEGIES FOR CASE-CROSSOVER STUDIES - AN ASSESSMENT OF RELATIVE EFFICIENCY

被引:288
作者
MITTLEMAN, MA [1 ]
MACLURE, M [1 ]
ROBINS, JM [1 ]
机构
[1] HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115
关键词
CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; EXERCISE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STATISTICS;
D O I
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117550
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
The case-crossover study design is a method to assess the effect of transient exposures on the risk of onset of acute events, Control information for each case is based on his/her past exposure experience, and a self-matched analysis is conducted, Empiric evaluation of five approaches to the analysis of case-crossover data from a study of heavy physical exertion and acute myocardial infarction onset is shown, The data presented are from the Onset Study, a case-crossover study of the determinants of myocardial infarction onset conducted in 45 centers from August 1989 to October 1992, In model I, exactly one control period (matched on clock-time) was sampled per case. In models 2-4, up to 25 control periods were sampled, and the effect of clock-time on the baseline hazard of infarction was modeled. in model 5, a census of the person-time experienced by each subject over the year preceding the infarction was sampled. The 95% confidence interval for model I was 2.7 times wider, and the relative efficiency, defined as nu(infinity)/nu(M) where nu(M) represents the asymptotic variance estimate of the estimated log relative risk with M control periods sampled per case, was only about 14% of model 5. In models 2-4, the efficiency increased with the number of control periods, regardless of the modeling assumptions, Even with many control periods sampled, models 2-4 achieved only half the efficiency of model 5. The control sampling strategy in any given case-crossover study should be selected with the trade-offs between precision and potential biases of the estimates in mind.
引用
收藏
页码:91 / 98
页数:8
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